A TRUE CONSERVATIONIST...

 

“A true conservationist is a man who knows that the world is not given by his fathers, but borrowed from his children.” 

John James Audubon

GENERAL ENGLISH

THE COLORS

THE NUMBERS

BASIC VERBS

Enlace de la lista de verbos que veras a continuación:

http://www.mansioningles.com/Gram53.htm

INFINITIVO	PASADO SIMPLE	PARTICIPIO PASADO	TRADUCCIÓN
Arise	Arose	Arisen	Surgir, Levantarse
Awake	Awoke	Awoken	Despertarse
Be/ am, are, is	Was / Were	Been	Ser / Estar
Bear	Bore	Borne / Born	Soportar, dar a luz
Beat	Beat	Beaten	Golpear
Become	Became	Become	Llegar a Ser
Begin	Began	Begun	Empezar
Bend	Bent	Bent	Doblar
Bet	Bet	Bet	Apostar
Bind	Bound	Bound	Atar, encuadernar
Bid	Bid	Bid	Pujar
Bite	Bit	Bitten	Morder
Bleed	Bled	Bled	Sangrar
Blow	Blew	Blown	Soplar
Break	Broke	Broken	Romper
Breed	Bred	Bred	Criar
Bring	Brought	Brought	Traer Llevar
Broadcast	Broadcast	Broadcast	Radiar
Build	Built	Built	Edificar
Burn	Burnt /Burned	Burnt / Burned	Quemar
Burst	Burst	Burst	Reventar
Buy	Bought	Bought	Comprar
Cast	Cast	Cast	Arrojar
Catch	Caught	Caught	Coger
Come	Came	Come	Venir
Cost	Cost	Cost	Costar
Cut	Cut	Cut	Cortar
Choose	Chose	Chosen	Elegir
Cling	Clung	Clung	Agarrarse
Creep	Crept	Crept	Arrastrarse
Deal	Dealt	Dealt	Tratar
Dig	Dug	Dug	Cavar
Do (Does)	Did	Done	Hacer
Draw	Drew	Drawn	Dibujar
Dream	Dreamt / Dreamed	Dreamt / Dreamed	Soñar
Drink	Drank	Drunk	Beber
Drive	Drove	Driven	Conducir
Eat	Ate	Eaten	Comer
Fall	Fell	Fallen	Caer
Feed	Fed	Fed	Alimentar
Feel	Felt	Felt	Sentir
Fight	Fought	Fought	Luchar
Find	Found	Found	Encontrar
Flee	Fled	Fled	Huir
Fly	Flew	Flown	Volar
Forbid	Forbade	Forbidden	Prohibir
Forget	Forgot	Forgotten	Olvidar
Forgive	Forgave	Forgiven	Perdonar
Freeze	Froze	Frozen	Helar
Get	Got	Got / Gotten	Obtener
Give	Gave	Given	Dar
Go (Goes)	Went	Gone	Ir
Grow	Grew	Grown	Crecer
Grind	Ground	Ground	Moler
Hang	Hung	Hung	Colgar
Have	Had	Had	Haber o Tener
Hear	Heard	Heard	Oir
Hide	Hid	Hidden	Ocultar
Hit	Hit	Hit	Golpear
Hold	Held	Held	Agarrar Celebrar
Hurt	Hurt	Hurt	Herir
Keep	Kept	Kept	Conservar
Know	Knew	Known	Saber Conocer
Kneel	Knelt	Knelt	Arrodillarse
Knit	Knit	Knit	Hacer punto
Lay	Laid	Laid	Poner
Lead	Led	Led	Conducir
Lean	Leant	Leant	Apoyarse
Leap	Leapt	Leapt	Brincar
Learn	Learnt / Learned	Learnt / Learned	Aprender
Leave	Left	Left	Dejar
Lend	Lent	Lent	Prestar
Let	Let	Let	Permitir
Lie	Lay	Lain	Echarse
Light	Lit	Lit	Encender
Lose	Lost	Lost	Perder
Make	Made	Made	Hacer
Mean	Meant	Meant	Significar
Meet	Met	Met	Encontrar
Mistake	Mistook	Mistaken	Equivocar
Overcome	Overcame	Overcome	Vencer
Pay	Paid	Paid	Pagar
Put	Put	Put	Poner
Read	Read	Read	Leer
Ride	Rode	Ridden	Montar
Ring	Rang	Rung	Llamar
Rise	Rose	Risen	Levantarse
Run	Ran	Run	Correr
Say	Said	Said	Decir
See	Saw	Seen	Ver
Seek	Sought	Sought	Buscar
Sell	Sold	Sold	Vender
Send	Sent	Sent	Enviar
Set	Set	Set	Poner(se)
Sew	Sewed	Sewed / Sewn	Coser
Shake	Shook	Shaken	Sacudir
Shear	Shore	Shorn	Esquilar
Shine	Shone	Shone	Brillar
Shoot	Shot	Shot	Disparar
Show	Showed	Shown	Mostrar
Shrink	Shrank	Shrunk	Encogerse
Shut	Shut	Shut	Cerrar
Sing	Sang	Sung	Cantar
Sink	Sank	Sunk	Hundir
Sit	Sat	Sat	Sentarse
Sleep	Slept	Slept	Dormir
Slide	Slid	Slid	Resbalar
Smell	Smelt	Smelt	Oler
Sow	Sowed	Sowed / Sown	Sembrar
Speak	Spoke	Spoken	Hablar
Speed	Sped	Sped	Acelerar
Spell	Spelt	Spelt	Deletrear
Spend	Spent	Spent	Gastar
Spill	Spilt / Spilled	Spilt / Spilled	Derramar
Spin	Spun	Spun	Hilar
Spit	Spat	Spat	Escupir
Split	Split	Split	Hender / partir / rajar
Spoil	Spoilt / Spoiled	Spoilt / Spoiled	Estropear
Spread	Spread	Spread	Extender
Spring	Sprang	Sprung	Saltar
Stand	Stood	Stood	Estar en pie
Steal	Stole	Stolen	Robar
Stick	Stuck	Stuck	Pegar Engomar
Sting	Stung	Stung	Picar
Stink	Stank/Stunk	Stunk	Apestar
Stride	Strode	Stridden	Dar zancadas
Strike	Struck	Struck	Golpear
Swear	Swore	Sworn	Jurar
Sweat	Sweat	Sweat	Sudar
Sweep	Swept	Swept	Barrer
Swell	Swelled	Swollen	Hinchar
Swim	Swam	Swum	Nadar
Swing	Swung	Swung	Columpiarse
Take	Took	Taken	Coger
Teach	Taught	Taught	Enseñar
Tear	Tore	Torn	Rasgar
Tell	Told	Told	Decir
Think	Thought	Thought	Pensar
Throw	Threw	Thrown	Arrojar Tirar
Thrust	Thrust	Thrust	Introducir
Tread	Trod	Trodden	Pisar, hollar
Understand	Understood	Understood	Entender
Undergo	Underwent	Undergone	Sufrir
Undertake	Undertook	Undertaken	Emprender
Wake	Woke	Woken	Despertarse
Wear	Wore	Worn	Llevar puesto
Weave	Wove	Woven	Tejer
Weep	Wept	Wept	Llorar
Wet	Wet	Wet	Mojar
Win	Won	Won	Ganar
Wind	Wound	Wound	Enrollar
Withdraw	Withdrew	Withdrawn	Retirarse
Wring	Wrung	Wrung	Torcer
Write	Wrote	Written	Escribir

Verb Tenses

The formulas for conjugating various verb tenses are listed below along with an explanation of when to use each verb tense.

 ►Simple Present: base form of the verb (for third-person singular, add –s or –es).
 - Use to describe customary or habitual actions, and general truths. I walk to school every day. (habitual action) The earth is round. (general truth)

►Present Progressive: am / is / are + present participle (-ing).
 - Use to describe actions occurring now, in the present time. I am wearing my new raincoat.

 ►Present Perfect: have / has + past participle.
- Use to describe actions that began in the past and continue to the present with the sense that it will continue in the future. John has worked at the bookstore since last summer.
 - Use to describe actions that occurred more than once, or repeatedly, in the past. Bruce has sung at every concert held at the school.
 - Use to describe actions that happened at an unknown past time. Our friends have travelled to Paris.
- Use to describe a completed action given extra emphasis. Yes, we have studied for the test.
 - Use to describe a recent action given extra emphasis. The boys have just found the coins.

►Present Perfect Progressive: have / has + been + present participle (-ing).
 - Use to describe actions that have been performed recently. I have been picking cherries.
- Use to describe actions that have started in the past, and have continued into the present. I have been walking for two hours.

►Simple Past: base form + -ed for regular verbs. Many verbs have an irregular past-tense form. To find the past-tense form of a verb, look up its base form in your dictionary.
- Use to describe actions that took place at a specific time in the past. I ate breakfast yesterday.
- Use to describe actions that occurred over a period of time in the past, but are no longer occurring in the present. I sang every day when I was in high school.

►Past Progressive: was / were + present participle (-ing).
 - Use to describe an action that was occurring at a specific point in time in the past. Dave was taking a shower when the phone rang.
 - Use to describe an action that lasted for a period of time in the past. Yannick was dancing while Adrian was playing his guitar.

►Past Perfect: had + past participle.
- Use to describe an action that was completed by a definite time, or before another action was completed in the past. I had finished dinner by six o’clock. After he had stepped on the nail, his foot began to hurt.

►Past Perfect Progressive: had + been + present participle (-ing).
- Use to emphasise the duration of an action that was completed before another action in the past. Laura had been waiting for the bus for twenty minutes when it finally arrived.

 ►Simple Future: will / shall + base form.
- Use to describe actions that are expected to take place after the present. Regan will sing at the concert on Friday.

►Future Progressive: will + be + present participle (-ing).
 - Use to describe actions that will be in progress in the future. I will be cheering loudly when The Ruttles walk onstage.

►Future Perfect: will + have + past participle.
- Use to describe actions that will be completed before another future action, or before a specific future time. The Smiths will have painted their house before you arrive. Natalie will have eaten five donuts by the end of the night.

 ►Future Perfect Progressive: will + have + been + present participle (-ing).
 - Use to describe actions that have been in progress for a period of time in the future before another event or time in the future. As of May, Adrian will have been playing in the band for twenty years.
http://www.sdc.uwo.ca/writing/online_writing_lab/handouts/pdf/Verb%20Tenses.pdf

THE FIVE LEXICAL CATEGORIES ARE:

Noun
 Verb
 Adjective

Adverb
Articles
Preposition

A NOUN generally indicates a person, place or thing. For instance, chair, table, and book are nouns since they refer to things. Also, a noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea. Whatever exists, we assume, can be named, and that name is a noun. A proper noun, which names a specific person, place, or thing (Carlos, Queen Marguerite, Middle East, Jerusalem, Malaysia, Presbyterianism, God, Spanish, Buddhism, the Republican Party), is almost always capitalized. A proper noun used as an addressed person's name is called a noun of address.

Nouns can be classified further as count nouns, which name anything that can be counted (four books, two continents, a few dishes, a dozen buildings); mass nouns (or non-count nouns), which name something that can't be counted (water, air, energy, blood); and collective nouns, which can take a singular form but are composed of more than one individual person or items (jury, team, class, committee, herd)

Examples:http://www.k12reader.com/nouns/nouns.pdf

VERBS:

Any member of a class of words that function asthe main elements of predicates, that typicallyexpress action, state, or a relation between twothings, and that may be inflected for tense,aspect, voice, mood, and to show agreement withtheir subject or object.
The key word in most sentences, the word that revealswhat is happening, is the verb. It can declaresomething ( You ran), ask a question ( Did you run?),convey a command ( Run faster!), or express a wish (May this good weather last!) or a possibility ( If youhad run well, you might have won; if you run bettertomorrow, you may win). You cannot have a completeEnglish sentence without at least one verb.

ADVERBS AND ADJECTIVES:
 

Are semantically very similar in that both modify another element. They describe a quality of another word: quick/ly, nice/ly, etc. As just mentioned, the main syntactic distinction is as expressed in:
 

An adjective modifies a noun

An adverb modifies a verb and (a degree adverb) an adjective, or adverb
 

Since an adjective modifies a noun, the quality it describes will be those appropriate to a noun, e.g. nationality (American, Dutch, Iranian), size (big, large, thin), color (red, yellow, blue), or character trait (happy, fortunate, lovely, pleasant, obnoxious). Adverbs typically modify actions and will then provide information typical of those, e.g. manner (wisely, fast), or duration (frequently, often), or speaker attitude (fortunately). When adverbs modify adjectives or other adverbs, they are typically degree adverbs (very, so, too).

The plant is small.

A niceflower is on the table.

This pig is very precious.

Horsesrun very quickly.

         Generally speaking, an adverb is formed from an adjective by adding –ly for example: horses run very quickly. However, be careful with this morphological distinction: not all adverbs end in -ly and some adjectives end in -ly.

ARTICLES:

Basically, an article is an adjective. Like adjectives, articles modify nouns.

English has two articles: the and a/an.

The is used to refer to specific or particular nouns

A/an is used to modify non-specific or non-particular nouns. We call the the definite article anda/an the indefinite article.
the = definite article
a/an = indefinite article

PREPOSITIONS often express place or time (at, in, on, before), direction (to, from, into, down), or relation (of, about, with, like, as, near). They are invariable in form. In a sentence, they usually occur before a noun. For example:

With their books about biology, they went to school.

PREPOSITIONS are words which begin prepositional phrases.A prepositional phrase is a group of words containing a preposition, a noun or pronoun object of the preposition, and any modifiers of the object.

A preposition sits in front of (is “pre-positioned” before) its object.

The following words are the most commonly used prepositions:

about	below	excepting	off	toward
above	beneath	for	on	under
across	beside(s)	from	onto	underneath
after	between	in	out	until
against	beyond	in front of	outside	up
along	but	inside	over	upon
among	by	in spite of	past	up to
around	concerning	instead of	regarding	with
at	despite	into	since	within
because of	down	like	through	without
before	during	near	throughout	withregard to
behind	except	of	to	withrespect to

More information:

http://137.122.14.100/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/verbs.html
http://www.azed.gov/english-language-learners/files/2013/09/pell-meeting-on-09-13-13-verb-tense-study-2.0.pdf